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The Justices Protection Act 1848 (11 & 12 Vict. c.44) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that gave Justices of the Peace in England and Wales immunity from civil actions arising from their adjudication. The Act was sponsored and drafted by John Jervis and was one of the so-called Jervis Acts of 1848. ==Background== Prior to the Act, Justices of the Peace (magistrates) were hampered in their functions by the risk of prosecution or civil action for decisions they had taken in the execution of their official functions. An individual disgruntled at a decision could mount a ''de facto'' challenge by bringing a civil claim against a Justice and even achieve a rehearing of his case.〔Freestone & Richardson (1980) ''p.''13〕 Claims against Justices for damages, through writs of ''certiorari'', for exceeding their jurisdiction were particularly common. The courts did, however, take any opportunity to interpret the law narrowly so as to exclude the challenges, as for example in the ''Bumboat case'',〔''Brittain v. Kinnaird'' () All ER Rep 593〕 〔Cornish & Clarke (1989) ''pp''32-33〕 and Sheridan has doubted whether there was really an extensive problem.〔Sheridan (1951) ''pp''267, 272〕 Sir John Jervis was Attorney General and shared the widespread view that the law as to Justices was archaic and in need in reform. Further, Justices were becoming increasingly important with the rise of criminal legislation. The Act was one of the three Jervis Acts, the other two being the Summary Jurisdiction Act 1848 and Indictable Offences Act 1848.〔Freestone & Richardson (1980) ''p.''15-16〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Justices Protection Act 1848」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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